Navigation
Subheadings

Native American Era in Wisconsin

There is evidence that native peoples moved into what is now Wisconsin immediately behind the retreating glacial ice sheets. According to Dr. David Overstreet, Director of the Center for Archaeology Research at Marquette University, "These sites [in Door County] are contributing proof that people were living at the margins of the retreating ice sheets, hunting wooly mammoths and bison as they followed the advance and retreat of glaciers across the state." [Walloch: Earliest Riparians] He continues: "These early people developed sophisticated scavenging, hunting and boat building strategies to deal with their fluctuating environment." According to Andrew Walloch, writing in Lake Tides (2004), "Since Dr. Overstreet's discovery of a Paleo-Indian site near Pleasant Prairie in Kenosha County, Wisconsin in 1987, he has been piecing together the early human history of the upper Great Lakes.." [Ibid.]The sites suggest native people in the upper great lakes about 9000 B.C.E.

[This topic has just been started; much more needs to be written. Authors are invited.]

Charles P. Forbes
August 24, 2006

**** indicates no known author.

Comprehensive References

Loew, Patty. Indian Nations of Wisconsin. Msdison, 2001. View Full Entry

Major References

****. Mazina'igan. Odanah, WI, 2007. View Full Entry
****. McCord Indian Village--Living History. [Columns, Vol. 28, #4, p. 7.] Madison, 2000. View Full Entry (Full text available)
****. How Prescribed Burns Can Help Restore Eastern US Forests. [WIRED, APR 23, 2022 8:00 AM. Originally from Yale Environment 360] Boone, Iowa, 2022. View Full Entry (Full text available)
****. Manitowish Waters Prehistoric Overview. [Page on the Manitowish Waters Historical Society Webpage] Manitowish Waters, 2020. View Full Entry (Full text available)
****. The Age of Clovis Now Dated between 13,050 and 12,750 Years B. P.. [WisArch News, Vol. 20, #2, Spring 2020, p.17.] Milwaukee, 2020. View Full Entry (Full text available)
****. Wisconsin "The Northwoods Headwaters Region". Unk, 1991. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Arzigian, Constance. Prehistoric Native American Use of Nuts and Berries from the Forests of Wisconsin. [Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Forest History Assn. of WI, Sept. 9-10, 1995] Plover, WI, 1995. View Full Entry
Beider, Rober. Native American Communities in Wisconsin 1600-1960. [A North Coast Book] Madison, 1995. View Full Entry
Birmingham and Eisenberg. Indian Mounds of Wisconsin. Madison, 2000. View Full Entry
Bloomfield, Leonard. Menominee Lexicon. [Milwaukee Public Museum Publications in Anthropology & History, No. 1] Milwaukee, 1975. View Full Entry
Bokern, James. Canoe Routes of the Chippewa. [M.S. Thesis] Stevens Point, 1987. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Bowden, Charles. Native Lands. [National Geographic, Vol. 218, #2, August 2010] Washington, 2010. View Full Entry
Brown, Marley. Copper Standard. [Archaeology, July/August 2021, p. 14.] Long Island City, New York, 2021. View Full Entry
Bruhy, Mark. Zarling Lake Site. [Wisconsin Archeologist, Vol. 83, No. 2, July-Dec. 2002, pp. 55-75/] Milwaukee, 2002. View Full Entry
Bruhy and Wackman. Test Excavations at the Butternut Lake Site. [The Wisconsin Archeologist, Vol. 61, #4, New Series, Dec. 1980] 1980. View Full Entry
Burnham, Guy. Lake Superior Country. [Browzer Americana Series, #1] 1975. View Full Entry
Calkins, Hiram. Indian Nomenclature. [Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. 1, pp. 119-126.] Madison, 1903. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Callicott, Baird. Brief History of the American Land Ethic Since 1492. [Inner Voice [Journal], January February, 1994, Pp. 5-9.] Eugene, OR, 1994. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Danziger, Jr.. Chippewas of Lake Superior. [The Civilization of the American Indian Series, Vol. 148.] Norman, 1979. View Full Entry
Davis, Mary. Eastern Old-Growth Forests. Washington, 1996. View Full Entry
Egan-Bruhy and Bruhy. Zarling Lake Site (47 FR-186): A Northern Oneota Site in Forest County, Wisconsin.. [Wis Arch News, 2:2, 2000, p 3] Milwaukee, 2000. View Full Entry
Gartner, William. Four Worlds Without an Eden: Pre-Columbian Peoples and the Wisconsin Landscape. [Ostergren and Vale, eds, Wisconsin Land and Life, Chap. 17, P. 331] Madison, 1997. View Full Entry
Grant, Richard. Lost History of Yellowstone. [Smithsonian, Vol. 51, #9, January-February 2021, pp. 32-55.] Washington, 2021. View Full Entry
Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. Gidakiiminaan (Our Earth). [Paperback and CD Versions] Odanah, WI, 2007. View Full Entry
Grossman, et al.. Upland and Northern Forests. [Chapter 4 of Our Vanishing Wiolderness.] New York, 1969. View Full Entry
Hathaway, Joshua. Indian Names. [Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. 1, Pp. 116-118] Madison, 1903. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Hibbard, Benjamin. Indian Agriculture in Southern Wisconsin. [Wis. Conservation Bulletin, March 47, V12#3. p.18.] 1947. View Full Entry
Hill, Mark. New Dates for Old Copper. [The Wisconsin Archeologist, Vol. 92, No. 2, July-Dec 2011] Milwaukee, 2011. View Full Entry
Hodges, Glenn. Tracking the First Americans. [National Geographic, Vol. 227, #1, January, 2015. Pp. 124-137] Washington, 2015. View Full Entry
Huntington, Ellsworth. Red Man's Continent, The; A Chronicle of Aboriginal America. [The Yale chronicles of America Series] New York, 1919. View Full Entry
Hunzicker, David. Little Rice Lake Site. [Wis. Archeologist, 83:1, Jan-June 2002, pp. 45-62.] Milwaukee, 2002. View Full Entry
Jalbert, Andrew. Wisconsin's Ancient Canoes. [Wis Arch News 3:1, 2001, p. 6] Milwaukee, 2000. View Full Entry
James, George. Indian Basketry. New York, 1972. View Full Entry
Josephy, Alvin. 500 Nations. New York, 1994. View Full Entry
Kanetzke, Howard, Ed.. Wisconsin Indians. [Badger History, 1965] Madison, 1965. View Full Entry
Kanetzke, Howard, Ed.. Wisconsin Indians, II. [Badger History Vol. XXI, #2, Nov. 1967] Madison, 1967. View Full Entry
Keoke & Porterfield. 100 Amazing Indian Discoveries. [National Muesue of the American Indian, Fall, 2004] Washington, 2004. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Krech, Shepard. Ecological Indian, Myth and History. NY, 1999. View Full Entry
La Farge, Oliver. Pictorial History of the American Indian. New York, 1956. View Full Entry
Lapham, Increase. Wisconsin: Its Geography and Topography, History, Geology, and Mineralogy..... [Second Edition, Greatly Improved, is contained on the CD "Wisconsin" which is number 2119 in this bibliography] Milwaukee, 1846. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Lurie, Nancy. Wisconsin Indians. [Revised and Expanded Edition] Madison, 2002. View Full Entry
Mann, Charles. 1491, New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. NY, 2005. View Full Entry
Martin, Paul. Twilight of the Mammoths. [Organisms and Environments, ed. by Harry W. Greene] Berkeley, 2005. View Full Entry
Montaigne, Fen. Fertile Shore. [Smithsonian Magazine, Vol. 50, #9, Jan.-Feb. 2020, pp. 30-41, 110-112] Washington, 2020. View Full Entry
Neusius and Gross. Seeking Our Past. [Textbook and Student CD] New York, 2007. View Full Entry
Ostergren, Robert C. and Thomas R. Vale, eds.. Wisconsin Land and Life. [A North Coast Book of the UW Press] Madison, 1997. View Full Entry
Pohlman, et al. (ed.). Wisconsin Land Legacy Report. Madison, 2006. View Full Entry
Quimby, George. Indian Life in the Upper Great Lakes. Chicago, 1960. View Full Entry
Ritzenthaler, Robert. Vilas County Serpent Mound. [Wisconsin Archeologist, Vol. 28, No. 3, Sept. 1947] Milwaukee, 1947. View Full Entry
Ritzenthaler, Robert and Pat. Woodland Indians. Prospect Heights, IL, 1991. View Full Entry
Salzer, R. J.. Wisconsin North Lakes Project. [Aspects of Great Lakes Anthropology, Minnesota Prehistoric Archaeology Series, No. 11] St. Paul, 1974. View Full Entry
Satz, Ronald. Chippewa Treat Rights. [Wis. Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Transactions Vol. 79, #1.] Madison, 1991. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Shea, John. Indian Tribes of Wisconsin. [Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. 3, pp. 125 ff.] Madison, 1903. View Full Entry (Full text available)
Silverberg, Robert. Mound Builders. Athens, Ohio, 1986. View Full Entry
Smith, Alice. From Exploration to Statehood. [The History of Wisconsin, Volume I] Madison, 1985. View Full Entry
Standing Woman and Steve Comer. Old-Growth Forests: A Native American Perspective. [In: Davis: Eastern Old-Growth Forests, Chapter 8. (See Bibliography entry)] Washington, 1996. View Full Entry
Theler and Boszhardt. Twelve Millennia. [A Bur Oak Book] Iowa City, 2003. View Full Entry
Time-Life Books, Editors. People of the Lakes. [The American Indians] Alexandria, VA, 1994. View Full Entry
Toner, Mike. Rediscovering Archaic America. [Archaeology, July/August 2021, pp. 48-53] Long Island City, New York, 2021. View Full Entry
US Agriculture, Dept. of, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Proceedings--Symnposium and Workshop on Wilderness Fire, Missoula, MT Nov. 1983. [US Forest Service General Technical Report INT-182] Ogden, UT, 1985. View Full Entry
US, Interior, Dept. of, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indians of the Great Lakes Area. Washington, 1968. View Full Entry
Walloch, Andrew. Earliest Riparians, Ancient Wisconsin Lakes Uncovered. [Lake Tides, Vol. 29, #2, Spring 2004, pp. 9-10.] Stevens Point, 2004. View Full Entry
Warren, William. History of the Ojibway People. [Borealis Books (Reprints)] St. Paul, 1984. View Full Entry
Wennersten, John. The Chesapeake Environment. [Maryland Historical Magazine 91:2, Summe, 1996, pp.156-179] Baltimore, 1996. View Full Entry
Whitney, Gordon. From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain. New York, 1994. View Full Entry
Wisconsin Archeological Society. Index Issue. [Wisconsin Archeologist 81:1&2, Jan-Dec. 2000.] Milwaukee, 2000. View Full Entry
Wissler, Clark. Indians of the United States. [Revised Edition by Lucy Wales Kluckhorn. The Natural History Library] Garden City, NY, 1966. View Full Entry
Wyatt, Barbara. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin. Washington, 1986. View Full Entry
Wyman, Mark. Wisconsin Frontier. Bloomington, IN, 1998. View Full Entry

Minor References